Cancer Treatment Today » Special Education http://cancertreatmenttoday.org Knowledge is Power Thu, 26 Mar 2026 23:39:25 +0000 en-US hourly 1 Ritalin Dose in Adults with ADHD – pro http://cancertreatmenttoday.org/ritalin-dose-in-adults-with-adhd-pro/ http://cancertreatmenttoday.org/ritalin-dose-in-adults-with-adhd-pro/#comments Wed, 20 Jun 2012 15:57:40 +0000 M Levin, MD http://cancertreatmenttoday.org/?page_id=1281

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobiological condition affecting 5-8 percent of school age children,with symptoms persisting into adulthood in as many as 60 percent of cases (i.e. approximately 4% of adults). Appreciation of this fact has markedly increased the number of adults with take medication for ADHD, such as Ritalin or Adderall. Among other controversies in this field, is the dose of Ritalin. Prescribing information says:”Administer in divided doses 2 or 3 times daily, preferably 30 to 45 minutes before meals. Average dosage is 20 to 30 mg daily. Some patients may require 40 to 60 mg daily. In others, 10 to 15 mg daily will be adequate.”

Froehlich, T.E., Lanphear, B.P., Epstein, J.N., et al. Prevalence, recognition, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a national sample of US children. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (2007), 161:857-864.

Kessler, R.C., Adler, L., Barkley, R., Biederman, J., et al. The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States:  Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.  Am Journal of Psychiatry (2006), 163:724-732.

D. J. Nutt Evidence-based guidelines for management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents in transition to adult services and in adults: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology J Psychopharmacol January 2007 vol. 21 no. 1 10-41

Dose of methylphenidate during service transition for adults with ADHD Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology June 1, 2011 1: 71-75

Read the Layperson version here.

]]> http://cancertreatmenttoday.org/ritalin-dose-in-adults-with-adhd-pro/feed/ 0 Speech Therapy for Autistic Spectrum Disorders – pro http://cancertreatmenttoday.org/speech-therapy-for-autistic-spectrum-disorders-pro/ http://cancertreatmenttoday.org/speech-therapy-for-autistic-spectrum-disorders-pro/#comments Tue, 19 Jun 2012 09:49:29 +0000 M Levin, MD http://cancertreatmenttoday.org/?page_id=300 The main goals when treating children with autism are to lessen associated deficits and family distress and to increase quality of life and functional independence. No single treatment is best and treatment is typically tailored to the child’s needs. Speech therapy and assessment provides a basis for interventions and is indicated for patients with autism. A 2006 study(4) reported benefits both for joint attention intervention and for symbolic play intervention, and a 2007 study found that joint attention intervention is more likely than symbolic play intervention to cause children to engage later in shared interactions(5). Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a form of augmentative and alternative communication. It is typically used as an aid in communication for children with autism and other special needs. The system has been used with a variety of ages including preschoolers, adolescents and adults who have a wide array of communicative, cognitive and physical difficulties. Recent literature reviews have supported PECS as an evidence-based practice. There is no literature suggesting that it is not useful in older individuals or that it sholul be restricted to children(6).

ReferencesIn the References Reviewer field enter 2+ Literature References that support your Rationale and Recommendations.

  • You may reference current (within the last 5 years) high quality peer-reviewed articles in English (case studies are rarely acceptable), current textbooks, and nationally-accepted guidelines in your field.
  • Please do not use any branded references like Aetna or Blue Cross.
  • Please try to use NCCN for oncology/chemotherapy reviews.

1.Caronna EB, Milunsky JM, Tager-Flusberg H. Autism spectrum disorders: clinical and research frontiers. Arch Dis Child. 2008;93(6):518–23

2. Helt M, Kelley E, Kinsbourne M et al. Can children with autism recover? if so, how? Neuropsychol Rev. 2008;18(4):339–66.

3. Levy SE, Mandell DS, Schultz RT. Autism. Lancet. 2009;374(9701):1627–38.

4.Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) (2007) (PDF). Assessment, diagnosis and clinical interventions for children and young people with autism spectrum disorders. SIGN publication no. 98. Archived from the original on 7 April 2008. http://sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign98.pdf.

5. Schlosser RW, Wendt O. Effects of augmentative and alternative communication intervention on speech production in children with autism: a systematic review. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2008;17(3):212–30 6. 6.Sulzer-Azaroff, B., Hoffman, A., Horton, C., Bondy, A., & Frost, L. (2009). The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS): What Do the Data Say? Focus on Autism, 24, 89-103.

Read the Layperson version here.

]]> http://cancertreatmenttoday.org/speech-therapy-for-autistic-spectrum-disorders-pro/feed/ 0