Primary prophylaxis with G-CSF is well established. It is less clear that it should be used for neutropenia that already ocurred, what is called secondary prophylaxis. ASCO and ESMO guidelines suggest that secondary prophylaxis with granulocyte CSFs be limited to patients who experience a neutropenic complication (ie, fever, treatment delay) from a prior cycle of chemotherapy (for which primary prophylaxis was not received) if reduced dose intensity might compromise treatment outcome
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